الشبكة السلفية

سؤال: إذا أدركت الإمام ساجدًا فهل أكبر تكبيرة أم تكبيرتين؟ الجواب: ﺇﺫا ﺩﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﺪ ﻭاﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ فإنه يستحب له أن يسجد ﻣﻌﻪ -ﻟﻤﺎ جاء عند أبي داود ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻲ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ رضي الله عنه ، ﻗﺎﻝ: ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝاﻟﻠﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ: «ﺇﺫا ﺟﺌﺘﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻧﺤﻦ ﺳﺠﻮﺩ ﻓﺎﺳﺠﺪﻭا، ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺪﻭﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ، ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ اﻟﺮﻛﻌﺔ، ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﺭﻙاﻟﺼﻼة». ويلزمه أن يكبر تكبيرة الإحرام وهو قائم، ثم اختلف العلماء هل يكبر تكبيرة ثانية للانتقال أم يكتفي بتكبيرة الإحرام: قال الموفق ابن قدامة رحمه الله تعالى في المغني 2/183: (ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ اﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ، ﻭﻳﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ، ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ اﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ اﻷﻭﻝ ﻛﺒﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ إلى اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﻡ ﻟﻪ، ﻓﻴﺘﺎﺑﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ، ﻛﻤﻦ ﺃﺩﺭﻙ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﻬﺎ) انتهى  وفي المجموع للنووي رحمه الله تعالى 4/418: ﻗﺎﻝاﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ ﺭﺣﻤﻪ اﻟﻠﻪ:  «ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺟﺪًا ﻛﺒﺮ للإحرام ﺛﻢ ﻳﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭاﻟﻤﺬﻫﺐ اﻷﻭﻝ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﻭﻳﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫا ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺭاﻛﻌﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬا ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ ﺃﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺠﺰﺋﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺿﻪ ﻓﺼﺎﺭﻛﺎﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮد.  (اﻟﺸﺮﺡ) ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ: ﺇﺫا ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺟﺪا ﺃﻭﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺸﻬﺪ ﻛﺒﺮ للإﺣﺮاﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻤﻞ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓاﻹﺣﺮاﻡ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺻﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﺈﺫا ﻛﺒﺮ للإﺣﺮاﻡ ﻟﺰﻣﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻛﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ للاﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﺎﻥ اﻟﻠﺬاﻥ ﺫﻛﺮﻫﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ ﺃﺻﺤﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎﻕ اﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻻ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻒ ﺛﻢ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺫا اﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ﺃﻭﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ للإﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺑﺎ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻕ.. انتهى.  والذي يظهر لي أن الأمر واسع في هذا، قال العلامة العثيمين رحمه الله تعالى في الشرح الممتع 4/177 :ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ: ﺳﺒﻖ ﺇﺫا ﺃﺩﺭﻙ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺭاﻛﻌﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻦ ﺻﺮﺡ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ للإﺣﺮاﻡ؛ ﻭﺗﺠﺰﺋﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ، ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻟﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫا ﺃﺩﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ، ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ، ﺃﻭﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ، ﺃﻭ ﻳﺪﺭﻛﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺎﺟﺪ ﻓﻬﻨﺎ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ للإحرام، ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ؟ اﻟﺠﻮاﺏ: ﻫﺬا ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء: اﻟﻘﻮﻝ اﻷﻭﻝ: ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﻼ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ. اﻟﻘﻮﻝ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ: ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ. ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻳﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻠﻮا: ﺑﺄﻥﻫﺬا ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ. ﻭﺇﺫا ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺖ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﺗﻜﺒﺮ ﻣﺮﺓ للإﺣﺮاﻡ ﻭﻣﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮﻉ، ﺇﺫﻥ؛ ﺇﺫا ﺃﺩﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻟﺴﺎ ﻓﻜﺒﺮ للإﺣﺮاﻡ ﺛﻢ ﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺱ. ﻭاﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا: ﻳﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﻼ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا: ﻷﻥ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻛﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ، ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫا ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺟﺎﻟﺲ ﻓﺈﻥ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻠﻮﺱ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ، ﻓﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻻ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ، ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ؛ ﻷﻥ اﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺇﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﻛﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ، ﻭﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻴﻪ، ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ، ﻭﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﻤﺸﻬﻮﺭﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء ﺭﺣﻤﻬﻢ اﻟﻠﻪ: ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻨﺤﻂ ﺑﻼ ﺗﻜﺒﻴﺮ. ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا ﻧﻘﻮﻝ: ﻟﻮ ﻛﺒﺮ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻼ ﺣﺮﺝ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻓﻼ ﺣﺮﺝ ﻭﻧﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭللإﻧﺴﺎﻥ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭاﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻩ، ﺇﺫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ: ﺇﻥ اﻟﻘﻌﻮﺩ ﻻ ﻳﻠﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ، ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻨﻲ ﺃﻗﻌﺪ ﻫﻮ اﺗﺒﺎﻉ اﻹﻣﺎﻡ، ﻓﺄﻧﺎ اﻵﻥ اﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﻛﻦ ﻣﺄﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ للإﻣﺎﻡ ﻻ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ اﻷﺻﻞ، ﻭﻫﺬا ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺆﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ. انتهى.                         أجاب عن السؤال                                   وراجعه الشيخ العلامة الشيخ/ بكري بن محمد اليافعي                   محمد بن عبد الله الإمام 16 ربيع الثاني 1438

رابط المادة الأصلية في موقع الشيخ الإمام:
http://sh-emam.com/show_fatawa.php?id=1934

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